Alloy cutting tools refer to tools used in mechanical processing to remove excess material from metal workpieces, and they are an important part of machine tools. The following is a relevant introduction:
Ⅰ.Commonly used materials:
High-speed steel: It has good comprehensive performance, can be used to manufacture complex tools, has good toughness and low price, but its hot hardness and hardness are not as good as cemented carbide. Common grades include W18Cr4V and W6Mo5Cr4V2.
Cemented carbide: Widely used, it is made by sintering hard phase powders such as tungsten carbide and binder phases such as cobalt. It has high hardness, good hot hardness and good wear resistance. It can be divided into class P for processing steel parts, class M for general purposes, and class K for processing cast iron, etc.
Coated cemented carbide: Coating high-hardness and wear-resistant materials such as TiN on the cemented carbide substrate can improve the wear resistance, heat resistance and service life of the tool.
Ceramics: Mainly include alumina ceramics and silicon nitride ceramics. They have excellent hardness, wear resistance and hot hardness, and good chemical stability, but they are brittle. They are suitable for high-speed finishing of difficult-to-process materials such as cast iron.
Cubic boron nitride: Its hardness is second only to diamond. It has good thermal stability and strong chemical inertness, and is mainly used for processing high-hardness ferrous metals.
Diamond: The hardest substance in nature, with good thermal conductivity and excellent wear resistance, but poor thermal stability. It is mainly used for high-speed finishing of non-ferrous metals and non-metallic materials, and is not suitable for processing ferrous metals.
Ⅱ.Main types:
Turning tools: Used for machining rotating surfaces on lathes, such as external turning tools, facing tools, parting tools, etc.
Milling cutters: Used for machining planes, grooves, etc. on milling machines, including cylindrical milling cutters, face milling cutters, end mills, etc.
Drills: Used for drilling holes in solid materials; the common one is the twist drill.
Reamers: Used for finish machining of holes to improve their dimensional accuracy and surface quality.
Broaches: Used for machining internal and external surfaces of various shapes, with high efficiency and high precision, suitable for mass production.
Ⅲ.Application fields:
Automobile manufacturing: Used for processing core components such as engines and gearboxes, such as turning crankshafts and milling cylinder blocks.
Aerospace: Capable of processing parts like aircraft landing gears and turbine blades, and can handle difficult-to-machine materials such as titanium alloys and high-temperature alloys.
Mold manufacturing: The cavity processing of plastic molds and die-casting molds relies on ball-end milling cutters and copy blades, which can resist the high-temperature tool sticking phenomenon of mold steel.
Energy equipment: Suitable for heavy cutting of large components such as wind power bearings and nuclear power valves, and can withstand the load of interrupted cutting.
Development trend: With the maturity of superhard coating and additive manufacturing tool groove technology, alloy cutting tools are developing towards intelligence and customization to meet new demands such as high-speed dry cutting and green manufacturing.
